Guide vane eor hydraulic turbines



Dec. is, 1923.

Filed May 22, 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 v I l l l lllllilh 1:?

Dec. 18 1923. 1,478,053

. J. OVERN, JR

GUIDE VANE FOR HYDRAULIC TURBINES Filed May 22, 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 %1 mknnecf Dec. 18 1923. 1,478,053

J. OVERN, JR

GUIDE VANE FOR HYDRAULIC TURBINES Filed May 22. 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 16 I flfw I nve/ntoz %9' clam/W Patented Dec. 18, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN OVERN, JB-., 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM CRAMP & SONS SHIP AND ENGINE BUILDING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

GUIDE VANE FOR HYDRAULIC TURBINES.

Application filed May 22,

To all whom it may concern I Be it known that I, J OHN OVERN, Jr., a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Guide Vanes for Hydraulic Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The principal object of my invention is to provide a new and improved axially mounted gate or guide vane for a hydraulic turbine. Another object of my invention is to provide such a gate with means to reduce the leakage past its ends to a minimum when the gate is partially or entirely closed. Still another object of my invention relates to establishing a strong mechanical connection between the gate and the shaft on which it is mounted. Another object of my invention is to enable a gate to be used having an improved shape to suit the flow of the water and one which will leave a clear passage for the water at all points of the gate surface. Another object of my invention is to enable the gates to be mounted in the most desirable position with respect to the axis of motion of the gate without the necessity of having the axis pass through the body of the gate. Still another object of my invention is to provide a convenient method of removing or replacing a gate without disturbing the gate shaft or other parts of the turbine. All these and other objects of my invention will be appreciated upon consideration of-the disclosure of a limited number of specific embodiments as set forth in the following specification and claims and the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that modifications may be made within the scope of the invention. I will now proceed specifically to describe the embodiments shown in the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a top plan view partly broken away showing a hydraulic turbine equipped with my improved gates.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on an enlarged scale on the radial line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a perspective View of a gate and its shaft and a fragment of one of the dis- Referring to the embodiment of my invention disclosed in Figs. 1 to 3, as applied to a vertical shaft unit, the vertical turbine shaft 11 carries the runner with vanes 12 adapted to be actuated by radial inflow of water from the turbine casing 1 1, which may be connected by the flange 13 to a supply of water under appropriate head. The water passing from the spiral casing 14 goes between the fixed vanes 15 and then between the adjustable wicket gates or vanes 16. Each gate 16 is integral with a shaft 19 rotatably mounted .in the bearings 20. The gates 16 stand in a circular row, below them being the distributor plate or wearing ring 17 and above the distributor plate or wearing ring 21. The distributor plate 17 has suitable holes to receive the pintles 18 on the respective gates, and is also counterbored to form shallow cylindrical recesses 28 to receive the corresponding enlarged disks 26, integral with the gates 16, where the pintles 18 join the gates. Similarly above the gates 16 the distributor plate 21 is counter-bored to form shallow cylindrical recesses of large diameter 29 that receive the'collars 27. The recesses in the distributor plates and 17 such for example as the recesses 28 in the plate 17 are cut as close together as may be and still leave enough metal between to guard againsl any breaking of the division wall thereof. The faces of the disks 26 and 27 on the sides toward the vane are made fair and flush with the surfaces of the distributor plates. By referring to Fig. 3, it will be seen that in the embodiment of the invention now under discussion, the shaft 19, collars 27 and 26, vane 16 and pintle 18 are all one integral structure.

When the turbine is operating at normal load or nearly normal load the vanes will .heen necessary particular have about the position shown in Fi a d the Water will flow freely between them ing on the runner vanes 1-2 anti eausw re tion of the shaft with I:

able at the 'unction ooint hetweeie and vane. i W

ent

the turbine clown the rim cross as counterclockwise, and i and the cranks the sh rotated counter:*lockwisa thus points oi? the gates 1"" ast 7 theisueceethng A nes a 7';

between th'e gates 1" When the gates L6 are ciosexi or near closed th cliilereice of pr is or: posite sides will be substantially Whole head on t 1e of collars 9,7 and 28, it would i vicle at least a 7 upper anal hwer e the Wearing; rings insure fr e motion. SPZICQS-W 11* leak past the gates above has be the ans till ength in the Il'lQS apps-rent ies stones ernhletl Show when lS eons ass i it in:- c i i i the shut 19 w a Ca wv n (my re g torque. there would these 2' W 1 aceornne les ing past adjacent E21 anti. loss 10 can he so arrai e save .iic thrust tenriin streams i s is cal and ihig; to the rehei holes 1 co ieeting the space use a i l ion "er pint the draft tube. l

mon to improve t 1e it vanes cl 7 52 by shifting illlQiP rings tbOY is r 01t61 of rotation; been cut .7 Une 1 his is to place them This not cl neae inner and thus to re v non diice het'x'ren the '1 5 4' oi? any 11 guide il the'sarne bloc {off these leaks, til, to locatei a I} .Another advantage oi? i, y inven elizecl when as is commonly the thickness of the veues 353 is less liameter of the shaft 19. in such :1 c

J! i the absence oi the col.

in th where collar 27 is now intro: change abruptly from the e the shaft to the vane S110 gate or to extend the she "t clown on race of them e in the term oi a local swelling; or lug in order to inc-r ie th cross-section or strength. It the shaft is no the gate represents section of L 1 lug; thus formed on the vane surtw i does not have all the strength that i t e in zno m this manner the point t i iir fii reet clucecl strength but en the other her feres with the proper flow of wet in assembled relation. The joint between the gate and the pintle on the lower side is of exactly the same character. Heretofore it was common when it was desired to remove a single gate, te remove the turbine head cover because the removal of the gate required the removal of the shaft on which it was mounted. By the present invention, if a particular gate is to be removed the pins 33 will be driven out and then the gate can be displaced horizontally in the direction of the slot 31 and key 82 and at any time it, or a substitute gate, can readily be replaced. At all points the cross sections may be made sufficient to give the same strength as that of the cross section of the shaft 19. In this case the collar 27 not only affords a check against leakage but gives a base for the rib 32 with adequate cross section for torsional strength. In other respects the principle of operation of the modification of Figs. 4: to '7 will be understood from the foregoing discussion in connection with Figs. 1 to 3, this modification of Figs. l to 7 being separately claimed in my copending divisional appli cation Serial No. 600,626.

I claim In a hydraulic turbine, an annular plate at the water inlet to the runner, a series of wicket gates atsaid inlet, rotatable shafts each carrying a respective gate, and an enlarged collar where each shaft joins its gate, said annular plate having recesses to receivethe respective collars.

2. In a hydraulic turbine, two annular plates, one above and one below at the water inlet to the runner, a series of gates between said plates, shafts parallel to the axis on which said gates are mounted respectively and enlarged cylindrical collars adjacent to the gates, said plates having shallow cylindrical recesses to receive said cellars, these recesses being closely spaced around the ring but separated enough to leave a clear portion f the ring between them.

3. In a hydraulic turbine, annular plate at the water inlet to the runner, a series of wicket gates at said inlet, said plate having cylindrical openings of large diameter, and each said gate having a corresponding cylindrical member movable with said gate fitting into its respective opening, the suit face of each member being flush with the face of the plate to leave an unobstructed water passage.

a hydraulic turbine, a distributor plate at the water inlet to the runner, a series of wicket gates said inlet, said plate having shallow cylindrical recesses, and each said gate having a corresponding collar fitting into a. respective recess, the recesses being closely spaced around the ring but separated enough to leave a clear portion of the between any two successive recesses.

5. In a hydraulic turbine, a distributor plate at the water inlet to the runner, series of wicket gates at said inlet and means substantially to prevent leakage of water between the said plate and the adjacent ends of the gates.

6. In a hydraulic turbine, two distributor plates at the water inlet to the runner, series of wicket gates between them, said gates having the same sectional outline-every where between the distributor plates, such outline being adapted for the clear flow of water along the gate surface at all points, respective shafts connected with the gates, and means adjacent to one of the distributor plates connecting said gates and shafts with a torsional strength as great as for a section of the shaft.

7. In a hydraulic turbine, a distributor plate at the wateinlet to the runner, a series of wicket gates forming adjustable guiding passa es between them at said inlet, respective shafts for said gates, each gate being eccentric to its respective shaft, and means connecting said shaft with the gates having a torsional strength as great as for the cross section of a shaft.

8. In ahydraulic turbine, an annular plate at the water inlet to the runner, a series of wicket gates at said inlet, rotatable shafts each carrying a respective gate, and an enlarged collar integral with each shaft where it joins its gate, said annular plate having recesses to receive the respective collars.

9. In a hydraulic turbine, an annular plate at the water inlet to the runner, a se ries of wicket gates at said inlet, rotatable shafts each carrying a respective gate integral therewith, and an enlarged collar where each shafts joins its gate, said annular plate paving recesses to receive the respective col are.

10. In a hydraulic turbine, a distributor plate at the water inlet to the runner, a series of wicket gates at said inlet and means integral with each gate substantially to prevent leakage of water between the said plate and the adjacent ends of the gates.

11. In a hydraulic turbine a runner, distributor plates, a series of adjustable guide vanes between said plates and adapted to contact with each other in closed position, a shaft for each vane having its axis passin outside of the surface of said vane an means rigidly connecting said vane and said shaft so that said shaft adjusts said vane around the axis of said shaft as a center, said means serving to secure said vane to said shaft so that said vane lies intermediate the runner and shaft axis and when in operating position is near to said runner.

12. In a. hydraulic turbine, distributor plates having a series of cylindrical recesses therein, a series of adjustable guide vanes ei/aces between said plates ancl adapted to contact each other in closed position, each having the same smoothly guiding sectional outline Having a cylindrical form aclap'lecl everywhere" between the distributor plates, sea ed; in a cylindrical recess in said a shaft for each vane havingits axis passing 'elistributcr plate.

cuiside of the surface of said vane ail-cl means rigidly connecting-said vane and said JOHN UVERN, JR.

0 that saidfshaft adjusts said vane the ams 01 theshafn; as a center sald I 

